In a paper presented at a recent meeting of the
European Society for Human Evolution, researchers point to
25,000-year-old paintings in France
and Spain that depict silhouettes of hands. On more than 200 of these
prints, the hands lack at least one digit. In some cases, only a single
upper segment is missing; in others, several fingers are gone. ... Four sites in Africa, three in Australia, nine in North America, five in
south Asia and one in south-east Asia contain evidence of finger
amputation. “This form of self-mutilation has been practised by groups
from all inhabited continents,” said Collard. “More to the point, it is
still carried out today, as we can see in the behaviour of people like
the Dani.”
More.
The Christian gospel accounts have been dismissed perennially as mere hyperbole:
And
if thy right eye offend thee, pluck it out, and cast it from thee: for
it is profitable for thee that one of thy members should perish, and not
that thy whole body should be cast into hell. And if thy right hand
offend thee, cut it off, and cast it from thee: for it is profitable for
thee that one of thy members should perish, and not that thy whole body
should be cast into hell.
-- Matthew 5:29f.
Wherefore if thy hand or thy foot offend thee, cut them off, and cast them from thee: it is better for thee to enter into life
halt or maimed, rather than having two hands or two feet to be cast
into everlasting fire. And if thine eye offend thee, pluck it out, and
cast it from thee: it is better for thee to enter into life with one eye, rather than having two eyes to be cast into hell fire.
-- Matthew 18:8f.
And if thy hand offend thee, cut it off: it is better for thee to enter into life maimed, than having two hands to go into hell, into the fire that never shall be quenched:
Where their worm dieth not, and the fire is not quenched.
And if thy foot offend thee, cut it off: it is better for thee to enter
halt into life, than having two feet to be cast into hell, into the fire
that never shall be quenched:
Where their worm dieth not, and the fire is not quenched.
And if thine eye offend thee, pluck it out: it is better for thee to
enter into the kingdom of God with one eye, than having two eyes to be
cast into hell fire:
Where their worm dieth not, and the fire is not quenched.
-- Mark 9:43ff.
This
older tradition is remembered in stark contrast to the miracle working
Jesus of resurrection imagination who is wont to undo some of these extreme expressions of repentance:
The blind receive their sight, and the lame walk, the lepers are
cleansed, and the deaf hear, the dead are raised up, and the poor have
the gospel preached to them.
-- Matthew 11:5
And
great multitudes came unto him, having with them those that were lame,
blind, dumb, maimed, and many others, and cast them down at Jesus' feet;
and he healed them: Insomuch that the multitude wondered, when they
saw the dumb to speak,
the maimed to be whole, the lame to walk, and the blind to see: and they
glorified the God of Israel.
-- Matthew 15:30f.
And the blind and the lame came to him in the temple; and he healed them.
-- Matthew 21:14
And
in that same hour he cured many of their infirmities and plagues, and
of evil spirits; and unto many that were blind he gave sight.
Then Jesus answering said unto them, Go your way, and tell John what
things ye have seen and heard; how that the blind see, the lame walk,
the lepers are cleansed, the deaf hear, the dead are raised, to the poor
the gospel is preached.
-- Luke 7:21f.
